The article discusses the complex landscape of nationalism in Canada, which encompasses various forms, such as civic, economic, and ethnic nationalism. Both Quebec nationalism and Indigenous autonomy movements have gained attention. The authors stress the significance of national self-determination, especially in light of threats to Canadian sovereignty, exemplified by Donald Trump’s annexation proposal, which has prompted Canadians to express strong anti-American sentiments and a slight uptick in national pride.
Economic nationalism has resurged as Canada seeks greater self-reliance and internal trade, reacting to hostile U.S. policies. However, this revival is accompanied by rising concerns about immigration and infrastructure, leading to more restrictive policies that may foster nativist sentiments. This economic focus also risks conflicts with First Nations, whose own national goals may not align with Canada’s.
In Quebec, the current government is tightening restrictions on religious symbols, raising questions about the balance between civic and majoritarian nationalism. The article cautions that if provincial governments continue to view Charter rights selectively, this could mirror populist tendencies seen elsewhere, complicating Canada’s national identity.
The ongoing debate about Quebec’s place within Canada is pivotal, especially as another sovereignty referendum looms. The authors advocate that maintaining a distinct Quebec identity is more viable within the Canadian federation, but emphasize that this must be substantiated with respect for Quebec’s cultural needs.
As Canada navigates these multifaceted national identity issues in 2026, it will be tested by its interactions with both U.S. nationalism and its own internal dynamics, including the challenges posed by Indigenous and Quebec national narratives. The authors conclude that grappling with these national questions is essential for progress and reconciliation in a multicultural society.
