Historian Gary Gerstle discusses the evolution of American nationalism, particularly focusing on the tension between racial nationalism and civic nationalism, in a conversation with IWM Rector Misha Glenny. Civic nationalism promotes inclusivity and equality for all citizens, as encoded in the Declaration of Independence and the 14th Amendment. In contrast, racial nationalism seeks to restrict citizenship to people of European descent, often leading to exclusionary immigration policies.
Gerstle emphasizes the profound consequences of the Civil War, noting that while it abolished slavery, it did not eradicate racial bigotry, giving rise to white supremacy’s resurgence. Civic nationalism experienced triumphs post-Civil War and revitalization during the Civil Rights Movement, but it faces challenges today, particularly under Trump’s administration, which has sought to undermine foundational laws like birthright citizenship.
Gerstle also addresses the neoliberal economic shift initiated by figures like Reagan and Clinton, which influenced the decline of the middle class and created inequality. He discusses how neoliberalism has fed into current political dynamics, fostering discontent among working-class Americans who feel left behind.
Examining the Constitution’s role, Gerstle argues that it is becoming increasingly outdated and that many Americans doubt its effectiveness in managing conflict. As confidence in democracy wanes, especially among youth, the allure of a strongman leader grows. Gerstle warns of potential shifts towards authoritarianism, citing the militarization of society and the risks surrounding upcoming elections.
He concludes with a tempered optimism, noting that if democracy falters, there is historical precedent for recovery, rooted in the enduring aspiration for democratic governance. The upcoming 250th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence represents both a reflective juncture and a potential rallying point for civic nationalism.
