An August 2025 study in Frontiers in Psychology by Alex Bradley-Newhouse and Rachel Kowert reports a rise in right-wing extremism on Steam. The research indicates that neo-fascist groups are utilizing Valve’s platform to recruit members and organize harassment against various targets, which they label as either “enemies” or “allies.” The study criticizes Steam’s moderation systems for inadequately handling these issues, as bad actors frequently create new accounts and disguise harmful symbols using unique languages.
Analyzing the gaming habits of these groups, they found that popular titles like Counter-Strike 2, Dota 2, and Hearts of Iron 4 attract these players. Hearts of Iron 4, with its WWII theme, allows players to assume the roles of Nazis and other fascist factions, which may appeal to extremists.
Bradley-Newhouse and Kowert assert that Valve’s moderation is inconsistent, with banned right-wing groups quickly reestablishing themselves under slightly altered names. While a 2024 report from the Anti-Defamation League prompted a surge in bans, extremist communities remain easily accessible. The authors reference a 2018 statement from Valve, indicating a hands-off approach to content moderation, although it is unclear if policies have evolved since then.
