The term “fake news” has become prevalent in public discourse, often causing more harm than good. It typically refers to either news that some disagree with or misleading information, which can be categorized as disinformation, misinformation, or malinformation. Combining these concepts under “fake news” obscures differences in intention and effect, fostering doubt about reliable news sources and eroding trust in media and authorities.
The term “fake news” was popularized following the 2016 U.S. presidential election and has significant implications for public perception and societal challenges. Its political use, particularly by Donald Trump, has weaponized it against journalism, complicating the landscape of trust in news.
Clarity in terminology is crucial for effective discourse and strategies against misinformation and disinformation. In 2024, Norway’s Directorate for Civil Protection introduced measures to combat “fake news,” and a national strategy against disinformation was launched to strengthen resilience. This strategy aims to increase awareness, improve detection of disinformation, and enhance cooperation among various sectors.
To effectively address the complexities surrounding misinformation and disinformation, it’s essential to define terms clearly. Reducing the use of “fake news” can help minimize confusion, enabling better understanding and responses to the challenges misinformation poses to democracy.
Stine Bergersen, a Senior Researcher at PRIO, advocates for this clarification as a necessary step in combating the negative effects of vague terminology.
